Pabatco · Fuji Heavy Industries · Engine Archive
Pabatco · Fuji Heavy Industries · Engine Archive
Before Subaru defined the all-wheel-drive family car, Fuji Heavy Industries built small-displacement engines that powered a generation of American mini-bikes and trail machines. The F480 — a 79.6cc, 6.6 hp two-stroke running a Mikuni VM18 carburetor and 4-speed gearbox — and its 97cc sibling the F500K. The machines that started it all.
F500K · Technical illustration · Fuji Heavy Industries
Engine Design & Architecture
The F480 was the first engine/gearbox assembly designed specifically for "midi" sized cycles — not a scaled-down motorcycle engine, not an adapted industrial unit, but purpose-built for the compact enduro and trail machines of the early 1970s. Pacific Basin Trading Company (Pabatco) brought it to the American market, and it showed up under five different brand names as a result.
At its core: a 79.6cc (4.86 C.I.) single-cylinder two-stroke inclined 25° forward, running loop scavenge with piston-port induction. The cylinder is cast Mechanite — a high-density grey iron chosen for its wear resistance — topped with an alloy head using a hemispherical combustion chamber. Ports are cast-in, not machined, with exhaust opening at 162° duration, transfer at 126°, and inlet at 131°.
The crankcase is split die-cast aluminum along the vertical centerline. Inside sits a balanced, single-throw forged steel crankshaft of "built-up" design — halves pressed onto a crankpin, with caged needle bearings at both ends of the connecting rod. The four-speed constant-mesh gearbox shares oil with the clutch, selected by a patented spring-loaded control shaft. Fuji called it simplicity personified, and they weren't wrong: normal service requires no special tools.
The F500K followed the same architecture, boring out to 53mm for 97cc and 8.5 hp at 7,500 rpm. The 100cc variant used a Mikuni VM20 carburetor and was offered with oil injection as a factory option on some models.
48mm bore × 44mm stroke. 7:1 compression. Loop-scavenged piston-port induction. 6.6 hp at 7,000 rpm.
53mm bore, same 44mm stroke. Mikuni VM20 carburetor. 8.5 hp at 7,500 rpm. Oil injection optional.
Constant-mesh, foot-operated. Gear ratios: 12.32 / 7.16 / 4.99 / 3.84. Helical primary drive at 3.16:1.
18mm Venturi, diecast alloy body. Main jet #80, pilot jet #30, needle clip 4th notch. Integral float starter — no choke.
Flywheel type, 21.8W rated. Dual-coil system: ignition and lighting on the same flywheel. Timing: 25° BTDC. NGK B-8S plug.
Technical Data
One Engine · Five Machines
The same Fuji engine — badged under five different names, sold through five different distribution chains. Each builder chose it for the same reason: nothing else in the class was built as well.
Indian ME100S · c. 1972 · F500K engine
The Indian ME100S was sold under the storied Indian brand name by Indian Sales Corporation from 1972 until operations ceased in 1977. "ME" stood for Mini Enduro, and the 100S indicated the 100cc displacement class. Powered by the Fuji F500K — a 97cc air-cooled two-stroke fed by a Mikuni 20mm carburetor, upgraded to a 22mm unit in 1974. Good for around 8 horsepower at 7,500 rpm and a top speed near 55 mph.
HPE Muskin El Gato · 1970–1973 · F480 engine · Chrome Yellow
HPE Muskin was a California-based company known for swimming pools — but in the late 1960s they turned to motorized vehicles. Their El Gato ("The Cat") refused to call itself a minibike. Muskin coined "Midi-Cycle" to set it apart: at 125 lbs, a 44-inch wheelbase, 16-inch wheels, and signature Chrome Yellow fiberglass bodywork — it was impossible to miss. Power came from Fuji's F480 80cc two-stroke mated to a four-speed constant-mesh transmission.
Mickey Rupp founded his Mansfield, Ohio company in 1959, building snowmobiles, go-karts, and dune buggies before turning to motorcycles. The RMT80 used the Fuji F480 — a 79.6cc two-stroke making 6.6 hp at 7,000 rpm through a Mikuni VM18 carburetor and 4-speed gearbox — while the L100 stepped up to the F500K 97cc powerplant. Both machines reflected Rupp's practical, no-nonsense approach to off-road riding — functional, durable, and built for the American dirt trails of the early 1970s.
Deckson Eagle 80 · c. early 1970s · F480 engine · newspaper advertisement
Advertised in the early 1970s as "The unbelievable adventure machine. Ready for the road, trail or track," the Deckson Eagle 80 was a dual-purpose mini-enduro sold at the eye-catching price of $299.75. Like several American importers of the era, Deckson sourced the proven Fuji F480 — a 79.6cc, 25°-inclined single-cylinder two-stroke producing 6.6 hp at 7,000 rpm through a Mikuni VM18 carburetor and 4-speed constant-mesh gearbox. The same air-cooled engine found in the HPE Muskin El Gato, paired with a lightweight trail-ready chassis and pitched as an all-arounder: street-legal enough for the road, tough enough for the dirt.
Documentation on the Deckson Eagle is scarce. The information here is sourced from a period newspaper advertisement. If you have additional records, photos, or a serial number, please get in touch.
Chaparral ST-T-80 & ST-T-100 · 1973 · Manufactured by Fuji Motors Corporation, Japan
The Chaparral is one of the most explicit examples of the F-series engine's reach. The cover of the Chaparral BE80F/BE100F Engine Owner's Manual states it plainly: "Manufactured by Fuji Motors Corporation, Made in Japan." Sold in three configurations — the ST-T-80 with the F480 and Mikuni VM18, the ST-T-100 with the F500K and Mikuni VM20, and the T-95 with a Comet TC-88N torque converter for automatic operation. The 80 and 100 models used a steel tube double-loop frame, telescopic forks, and adjustable 3-position rear shocks. A 6V/4Ah battery, 6V electrical system, and the same Kokusan magneto running the same NGK B-8S plug at 0.024"–0.027" gap.
A Note on the Maker
The F480 and F500K were built by Fuji Heavy Industries — the company that began as Nakajima Aircraft in 1917, survived the war, and eventually became Subaru Corporation in 2017. These small two-stroke engines were among the earliest civilian products of that postwar rebirth. The engineering discipline built into every F480 is the same that later produced the Subaru Boxer.
Documentation Archive
Service manuals, parts diagrams, and owner's documentation for the F480 and F500K engines. Scanned and digitized from original Fuji Heavy Industries and OEM sources. Downloads are free for personal and restoration use.
F480 Engine Service & Repair Manual
The complete 1972 Pabatco workshop manual for the F480 — covering two-stroke principles, clutch, magneto/alternator, cylinder & piston, engine case, fuel system (Mikuni VM18), spark plug diagnosis, and full supplementary specs. Published by Pacific Basin Trading Company, Athena, Oregon. This scan is exclusively available on this site.
↓ Download PDF
F480
Deckson Eagle 80 Parts & Service Manual
Deckson's factory service document for the Eagle 80, with exploded parts diagrams, torque specifications, and F480 engine wiring schematic.
↓ Download PDF
F500K
F500K Engine Service Manual
Full factory service manual for the 100cc F500K engine. Covers the Kai-series updates versus the F480, piston ring specifications, and magneto service procedures.
↓ Download PDF
F500K
Indian ME, MT, ML & MX Owner's Manual
The complete Indian-branded service document covering the ME100S, which used the F500K powerplant. Includes frame, suspension, and F500K engine chapters.
↓ Download PDF
F500K
Rupp Owners Manual
Addition 1 of the Rupp RMT 80 Cycle Service Manual. Covers front fork disassembly and fork oil specs (right tube 105cc, left tube 125cc), steering bearings, full electrical system including battery, headlight, ignition switch/rectifier, brake switches, tail/stoplight and horn — plus complete wiring diagram and special Rupp tool kit (P/N 32756) for the F480 engine.
↓ Download PDF ↓ Download PDF
F480 & F500K
Chaparral 1973 Owner's Manual + BE80F/BE100F Engine Manual
Two documents in one: the 1973 Chaparral Sportcycles Owner's Manual covering all ST-T-80, T-95, and ST-T-100 models, plus the BE80F/BE100F Engine Owner's Manual published directly by Fuji Motors Corporation. Includes full chassis specs, wiring diagrams for both T-model and ST-model configurations, carburetor adjustment table, and troubleshooting guide.
↓ Download PDFME100 Parts
Parts from my personal collection for the Indian ME100S. All items are from acquired stock — condition noted on each listing. Purchase securely via PayPal.

Indian ME Handlebars — 11104001
ME series handlebars. Have scratches from being moved around over the years. Spots in the plating — peeling, rough areas and dimples. Far from perfect but good for a rider. They are straight.
$45